Are you saying if you'd had a 20% paycut you'd still keep your spending at the same level?
For me, yes. For the government, also yes.
A meaningless statistic unless you weight it by size of network. Luxembourg's rail network is smaller than London's for example.
It’s percentages. Hence a ratio.
No, there's a finite amoubt of money. Tax revenues are down, costs for things like the NHS are up thanks to the pandemic.
If there is a finite amoubt of money, please explain how inflation works and how quantitative easing works. Also how digging coal, or minerals, or pumping oil or releasing gas out of the ground generates wealth?
The ‘economy’ had (prior to the latest restrictions) bounced back to not far off where it had been before COVID19 pandemic. So although tax revenues may well be down, they should be recovering. The NHS was underfunded before the COVID19 pandemic, because our governments have chosen not to increase spending enough to keep up with demand.
The problem with hydrogen is that electricity is needed to ‘make’ it. As converting electricity to hydrogen and then back to electricity is less efficient than distributing and directly using electricity, that means we need even more electrical generation. You also have to transport and distribute the hydrogen.
Yes, battery powered trains will be the answer on some lines. But I don’t think these look particularly attractive or practical for medium or long distance services. Especially if the trains are required to travel at speeds higher than say 60 mph. And yes, batteries need charging from an electrical supply. So are also not as efficient as distributing and directly using electricity.
The biggest problem with biofuels, is that you need farmland to grow the crops that they are made from. This is awkward when we as a species are currently felling rain forest so that the land can be used for food production. And as climate change causes the area of the deserts to increase, and more land becomes unviable to farm due to water levels rising, where are we going to grow the crops to make these fuels?