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New bill gives powers to remove British citizenship without notice

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najaB

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Individuals could be stripped of their British citizenship without warning under a proposed rule change quietly added to the nationality and borders bill.

Clause 9 – “Notice of decision to deprive a person of citizenship” – of the bill, which was updated earlier this month, exempts the government from having to give notice if it is not “reasonably practicable” to do so, or in the interests of national security, diplomatic relations or otherwise in the public interest.
Link: https://amp.theguardian.com/politic...-to-remove-british-citizenship-without-notice

I wish I could say that I'm surprised but the intentions have been writ pretty large for those who cared to see it. Anyone who still holds onto the belief that this government harbours anything other than authoritarian ideology should note this particular quote from the Ms Patel's Home Office:
“British citizenship is a privilege, not a right."
No. It is a right, quite literally a birthright.
 
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hst43102

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Thanks for bringing this up @najaB, I wouldn't have known otherwise as I don't tend to read the Guardian very often. This appears to be a very concerning change - what happens when someone has their citizenship revoked without notice?
 

Typhoon

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Link: https://amp.theguardian.com/politic...-to-remove-british-citizenship-without-notice

I wish I could say that I'm surprised but the intentions have been writ pretty large for those who cared to see it. Anyone who still holds onto the belief that this government harbours anything other than authoritarian ideology should note this particular quote from the Ms Patel's Home Office:

No. It is a right, quite literally a birthright.
It will be played out as anti-terrorist, and the event in Liverpool has come at just the wrong time. I wish I could say that Labour would mount an effective opposition. My only hope in that direction is Yvette Cooper. I have tried to find other references but they just seem to be repeats or close copies of The Guardian piece. I really do want to hear moderate Tories mounting a defence, I don't want to know who it can be used against but who it can't. 'reasonably practicable' are just weasel words, I suppose locked up in a foreign jail is "not 'reasonably practicable'" as I suppose is locked up in a foreign jail when you have done nothing wrong.

You are right - it is our birthright. Not to be given up lightly.

I too knew nothing of this. It demands more publicity. My thanks, too.
 

brad465

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I really do want to hear moderate Tories mounting a defence, I don't want to know who it can be used against but who it can't. 'reasonably practicable' are just weasel words, I suppose locked up in a foreign jail is "not 'reasonably practicable'" as I suppose is locked up in a foreign jail when you have done nothing wrong.
I don't know how moderate they can be considered to be, but David Davis famously triggered a by-election in his own seat in 2008 to try and spark a debate around civil liberties after proposals to extend the period of detention without charge under the Terrorism Act. I doubt he'd do the same thing now, but he should at least disagree with this move.
 

alex397

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It is very concerning to hear this, and even more concerning that I have heard nothing else about this, so thanks for posting. This sort of thing needs to be reported widely. I feel the general population is quite apathetic to some of the decisions our government is making at the moment. And some of the humans who bizarrely don’t like human rights will probably think It’s a good thing.

I find Ms Patel a deeply contemptible person, and that’s just from the things she has said publicly.
 

Typhoon

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I don't know how moderate they can be considered to be, but David Davis famously triggered a by-election in his own seat in 2008 to try and spark a debate around civil liberties after proposals to extend the period of detention without charge under the Terrorism Act. I doubt he'd do the same thing now, but he should at least disagree with this move.
compared to Patel, very!!

There are a lot of things I disagree with David Davis about, but I do believe that he sincerely holds his views, consistently advocates, and means well. I would much rather he was at the Home Office.
 

najaB

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To my mind, stripping someone of their citizenship is something that should only be done in extremis. About the only grounds I can see for it is a conviction for treason.

While I understand that it's not always possible (or practicable) for the details of the hearing to be public, they should be given the opportunity to make their case in court. The whole handling of the Shamima Begum case has made me ashamed of my country. The fact that it can apparently now be done without even any notice being given is a sad indictment of how we have left the moral high ground far behind us.
 

Farang

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Several years ago, a neighbour who has dual citizenship and gained his UK citizenship via the application process, told me that the Home Office could revoke his citizenship because he wouldn't be left stateless. By contrast, most people who acquired UK citizenship through birth will have no other citizenship, so they couldn't be deprived of it as that would leave them stateless.

It's an alarming prospect that someone who was sacked for trying to run her own foreign policy can decide whether to strip someone of their citizenship. Unlike my neighbour, I don't have a fallback citizenship.

The Shamima Begum case referenced in the article was controversial in part because of the Home Office argued that despite being born in the UK and holding no other citizenship, she was eligible to apply for Bangladeshi citizenship and so could still be deprived of her UK citizenship.
 

Gloster

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This is a case where the wording needs to be very carefully examined. At the moment it appears that a person cannot have British citizenship revoked and be left stateless unless they obtained the citizenship by fraud. It is also necessary for an MP to be a British, Irish or Commonwealth citizen. Loose (or deliberately phrased) wording of the Act could create a situation where a Home Secretary could, at some time after close of nominations for a general election, declare that opposition candidates (presumably named individually, rather than dealt with as a job lot) to have had their citizenship revoked. As a result the Home Secretary’s party would win most seats by default.

A few years ago this idea would have been seen as wildly improbable fiction. That it can at least be seen as a possibility shows what a pretty pass we have got to. (This is how I see it, but I am no constitutional expert.)
 

Busaholic

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This is a case where the wording needs to be very carefully examined. At the moment it appears that a person cannot have British citizenship revoked and be left stateless unless they obtained the citizenship by fraud. It is also necessary for an MP to be a British, Irish or Commonwealth citizen. Loose (or deliberately phrased) wording of the Act could create a situation where a Home Secretary could, at some time after close of nominations for a general election, declare that opposition candidates (presumably named individually, rather than dealt with as a job lot) to have had their citizenship revoked. As a result the Home Secretary’s party would win most seats by default.

A few years ago this idea would have been seen as wildly improbable fiction. That it can at least be seen as a possibility shows what a pretty pass we have got to. (This is how I see it, but I am no constitutional expert.)
As things already stand, someone can be deprived of British citizenship if it is deemed to be conducive to the public good. This encompasses not only the more obvious things like terrorism. murder and organised crime but also 'unacceptable behaviours'. To Patel this might just be someone not voting Conservative!
 

Gloster

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As things already stand, someone can be deprived of British citizenship if it is deemed to be conducive to the public good. This encompasses not only the more obvious things like terrorism. murder and organised crime but also 'unacceptable behaviours'. To Patel this might just be someone not voting Conservative!
My reading of it is that they can become stateless only if they have obtained British nationality by fraud. There are other reasons that they can have their British nationality revoked, but only if they have another nationality that they hold or can claim: if they don’t have the right to another nationality, they can’t lose their British one.
 

GrimsbyPacer

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Citizenship being taken away is not harsh, the government has been granting it out to vast numbers of people who aren't even from the "home nations" and have citizenship elsewhere.
Let's not forget, citizenship is not required for indefinite leave in the United Kingdom anyway, I know plenty of foreign nationals as friends who live in places like Norwich and Nottingham, they are not at risk of deportation.
It was in the news recently that only 5 people who illegally crossed the English Channel last year were sent back out of thousands. The government is slow to act on things, and loop holes are found such as the Christian Covert scheme in the news this week which allows people to pretend to be Christian to avoid being sent back claiming a risk on their return, this means virtually everyone can stay hear as long as they want as long as they claim they are from a dangerous country.
I am sure the citizenship revokal will only occur to some serious criminals after many expensive court years.
 

Busaholic

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My reading of it is that they can become stateless only if they have obtained British nationality by fraud. There are other reasons that they can have their British nationality revoked, but only if they have another nationality that they hold or can claim: if they don’t have the right to another nationality, they can’t lose their British one.
I'm not disagreeing with you on that, to be clear.
 

Typhoon

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My reading of it is that they can become stateless only if they have obtained British nationality by fraud. There are other reasons that they can have their British nationality revoked, but only if they have another nationality that they hold or can claim: if they don’t have the right to another nationality, they can’t lose their British one.
Surely that is the issue here. Looking at the those who can claim Irish nationality, it includes (most of) those who were born on the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland), and those with a Irish grandparent. If other countries are anywhere near as generous, there will be stacks of people who could claim citizenship abroad - and not just the obvious ones; some descendants of those who came to defend this country in time of war (as well as descendants of those we welcomed in the immediate pre-war years as they fled racial 'cleansing' in Europe) would also 'qualify'.

Of course, ministers will claim that these people are not the targets but that is not the issue, if it is as easy as it appears to be how soon will it be before someone has their nationality taken away 'by mistake' while they are out of the country, The Home Office hardly has a spotless record.

It wouldn't surprise me if Patel is getting her minions to trawl through each and every country's conditions for applying for their nationality. Incidentally, if I was a disgruntled (perhaps bullied) Home Office civil servant, I would be paying special attention to Uganda and India.

Where I have differences with some previous posters I think this is all Patel's own work. She has proved to be a singularly useless Home Secretary, all talk rant, no action. I'm not convinced that all government ministers will be comfortable with this, although the assurance that it will only apply in 'extreme' cases (undefined in law) will get them through the lobby. Johnson will welcome it as a distraction from his current difficulties (any chance of removing him?)

Irish Citizenship Application | How to Apply | IAS (iasservices.org.uk)
 

ainsworth74

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Citizenship being taken away is not harsh, the government has been granting it out to vast numbers of people who aren't even from the "home nations" and have citizenship elsewhere.
It is pretty harsh, especially if it renders you stateless. I am also puzzled by what you mean by "home nations" I've always taken that to be a reference to the constituent parts of the UK and if you're from the UK then typically you'll have citizenship at birth (or can usually apply for it even if it isn't granted automatically). So, er, I'm not sure how this is a criticism of Government policy. Unless we're using a different definition of "home nations"?
It was in the news recently that only 5 people who illegally crossed the English Channel last year were sent back out of thousands.
Sounds like a Home Office issue to me. They should be following up on their legal options to remove people who are here illegally. I note that the Liverpool bomber lost his appeal back in 2015 and yet somehow the Home Office still hadn't got around to removing him. I wonder how many other people are here having exhausted their appeal rights and therefore should have been removed!
The government is slow to act on things, and loop holes are found such as the Christian Covert scheme in the news this week which allows people to pretend to be Christian to avoid being sent back claiming a risk on their return, this means virtually everyone can stay hear as long as they want as long as they claim they are from a dangerous country.
I'm not an expert but it doesn't sound like a loophole to me. Someone claims they've converted but the Home Office would still have to be satisfied that that such a conversion is actually a firmly held belief. If they are then they'd grant Asylum (in which case the issue is, again, the Home Office). If they're not granted asylum then they would appeal and need to convince a Tribunal that the belief was firmly held. It isn't like they can just go "Yeah man it's like praise Jesus! Hallelujah! He is risen!" and get their asylum application rubber stamped. And if it is then it sounds like the Home Office are failing to do their job.
I am sure the citizenship revokal will only occur to some serious criminals after many expensive court years.
Unless I've missed a trick it only required Sajid Javid to make an order as Home Secretary to strip Shamima Begum of her citizenship. No court action needed. It then required a legal challenge to get it back. It seems pretty damn simple to be quite honest to strip it from someone. Especially when all they have to allege is that a person could claim citizenship in another country not that they actually have to hold that citizenship.

Certainly though I admire your confidence that the Government, of any stripe, will only ever use this power for good.

The one thread through all of this sort of thing though is, of course, the Home Office. It seems like one of the more rotten departments. Both incompetent but also evil. A delightful combination.
 

DarloRich

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Liverpool bomber lost his appeal back in 2015 and yet somehow the Home Office still hadn't got around to removing him. I wonder how many other people are here having exhausted their appeal rights and therefore should have been removed!
It is leftie human rights lawyers to blame. Apparently.
 

DynamicSpirit

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No. It is a right, quite literally a birthright.

That seems quite a bold statement. What's the justification? To my mind, rights go hand in hand with responsibilities - and being a citizen of a country does seem to imply some responsibility to act reasonably. If someone repeatedly engages in acts of terrorism or organised crime etc. against other citizens of that country, then I'm struggling to see an ethical problem in principle with saying that they've sacrificed the right they had to be a citizen of that country (that's in principle, I appreciate the practicalities may be difficult).

In terms of this new act... I have to admit that, having read that Guardian piece a couple of times, I'm still not clear exactly what is being proposed in terms of removal of UK citizenship. However, it seems to me that that kind of decision should always rest with courts and trained judges, never with politicians, and there should always be a right of appeal (which should include being able to travel to and remain in the UK in order to conduct your appeal), so to that extent I'm not comfortable with the current situation where the Secretary of State seems to get to decide - and obviously these proposals don't rectify that :( . I don't however see an issue with saying that, the person doesn't have to be notified upfront if the Government has made all reasonable efforts, but it's proved impossible to contact that person (for example, because they're abroad in the middle of a civil war zone), as long as that person can exercise a right to appeal once they become contactable.
 
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brad465

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It is leftie human rights lawyers to blame. Apparently.
I suspect you know this already, but I doubt many lawyers exist on the left, they're probably more centrist. However, the current crop in charge are so far to the right that most lawyers will be to the left of the Government's intentions. Either that, and/or they just need an excuse to stoke divide and rule to help further their bad intentions.
 

ainsworth74

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That seems quite a bold statement. What's the justification? To my mind, rights go hand in hand with responsibilities - and being a citizen of a country does seem to imply some responsibility to act reasonably. If someone repeatedly engages in acts of terrorism or organised crime etc. against other citizens of that country, then I'm struggling to see an ethical problem in principle with saying that they've sacrificed the right they had to be a citizen of that country (that's in principle, I appreciate the practicalities may be difficult).

They're our problem so why should we boot them out and make them someone else's problem? That's of course assuming that they have another form of citizenship to draw upon. If I went out and committed heinous acts and was stripped of my citizenship I would be left stateless as I have nowhere else that I can claim citizenship of. Is that right? If I had citizenship of another country then after I've served my sentence I also don't have an objection to having my British citizenship stripped and being returned to that other country. But I remain deeply uncomfortable with the idea of removing citizenship from people who either don't have somewhere else that they are a citizen of or don't actively hold citizenship in that country (I don't buy this "oh but they could claim citizenship" business personally).

However, it seems to me that that kind of decision should always rest with courts and trained judges, never with politicians, and there should always be a right of appeal (which should include being able to travel to and remain in the UK in order to conduct your appeal), so to that extent I'm not comfortable with the current situation where the Secretary of State seems to get to decide - and obviously these proposals don't rectify that :( .
Agreed wholeheartedly!

I don't however see an issue with saying that, the person doesn't have to be notified upfront if the Government has made all reasonable efforts, but it's proved impossible to contact that person (for example, because they're abroad in the middle of a civil war zone), as long as that person can exercise a right to appeal once they become contactable.
I agree with this as well actually but the problem is the proposed amendment is wider than just "we've tried everything we can and just can't reach them":

9 Notice of decision to deprive a person of citizenship

(1) In this section, “the 1981 Act” means the British Nationality Act 1981.

(2) In section 40 of the 1981 Act (deprivation of citizenship), after subsection (5) (which requires notice to be given to a person to be deprived of citizenship) insert—
“(5A) Subsection (5) does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that—​
(a) the Secretary of State does not have the information needed to be able to give notice under that subsection,​
(b) it would for any other reason not be reasonably practicable to give notice under that subsection, or​
(c) notice under that subsection should not be given—​
(i) in the interests of national security,​
(ii) in the interests of the relationship between the United Kingdom and another country, or​
(iii) otherwise in the public interest.​
To me that's a pretty wide ranging power to not inform someone that they've been stripped of their citizenship! (a) is fair enough if the Government don't have the information to contact someone fine but (b) and (c)? Those are really quite broad.

 

Typhoon

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It was in the news recently that only 5 people who illegally crossed the English Channel last year were sent back out of thousands.
This was featured on South East Today. I can't vouch for the thousands, I can vouch that they quoted '5', The reason being that last year the Dublin III Regulation applied, and this year it doesn't.
The Dublin III Regulation enabled the UK to return some asylum seekers to EU Member States without considering their asylum claims. It also provided a legal route for reuniting separated asylum-seeking family members in the UK. The Regulation will no longer apply in the UK from the end of this year.
From the House of Commons Library (dated December 2020) so I am assuming it is pretty accurate. Brexit: the end of the Dublin III Regulation in the UK - House of Commons Library (parliament.uk)

This was probably written on the bottom of a bus.
 

najaB

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That seems quite a bold statement. What's the justification?
What, that a person gains citizenship at birth*? I would've thought that was a pretty clear concept.

To my mind, rights go hand in hand with responsibilities - and being a citizen of a country does seem to imply some responsibility to act reasonably. If someone repeatedly engages in acts of terrorism or organised crime etc. against other citizens of that country, then I'm struggling to see an ethical problem in principle with saying that they've sacrificed the right they had to be a citizen of that country (that's in principle, I appreciate the practicalities may be difficult).
Yes. Rights come with responsibilities. And someone can justifiably lose their right to citizenship of a country, chiefly by taking up arms against that country. However the decision to revoke that citizenship should lie with the courts and, as much as is practical, the process should be done in public.

I have *massive* problems with the idea that ministers who, as Lord Frost demonstrates, don't even have to be elected are able to make such a determination in private, without even notifying the subject until after the fact.

*Edit: Not necessarily of the country that they're born in but of *some* country.
 

XAM2175

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Citizenship being taken away is not harsh, the government has been granting it out to vast numbers of people who aren't even from the "home nations" and have citizenship elsewhere.
The government has been "granting" it to people who have become eligible for it and who have successfully applied to be granted it. The applicant pays for this process (as an example, the current fee to naturalise from ILR status is £1,330 per person). The only people who are granted British citizenship without having to go through the full application process are the people who are entitled to claim it by way of birth or descent, who must by definition have some connection to the "home nations".

Let's not forget, citizenship is not required for indefinite leave in the United Kingdom anyway, I know plenty of foreign nationals as friends who live in places like Norwich and Nottingham, they are not at risk of deportation.
This is true - it is possible to have Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK and never decide to seek naturalisation. This doesn't however mean that naturalisation is pointless; in particular, it is the only way by which a person who doesn't already have citizenship of Ireland or a Commonwealth country can gain the right to vote in the UK.

It was in the news recently that only 5 people who illegally crossed the English Channel last year were sent back out of thousands. The government is slow to act on things, and loop holes are found such as the Christian Covert scheme in the news this week which allows people to pretend to be Christian to avoid being sent back claiming a risk on their return, this means virtually everyone can stay hear as long as they want as long as they claim they are from a dangerous country.
Given that refugees who have had their claims denied and illegal entrants are already unable to acquire British citizenship by long-term residence, this is irrelevant to the topic at hand.
 

najaB

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The applicant pays for this process (as an example, the current fee to naturalise from ILR status is £1,330 per person).
There's not only the direct financial cost, but also the fact that they need to be net contributors to society (or at least have no recourse to public funds) for several years before they're even able to apply. So they have a demonstrated commitment to life in the UK.

It was in the news recently that only 5 people who illegally crossed the English Channel last year were sent back out of thousands.
What law did they break in crossing the Channel?
 
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DynamicSpirit

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What, that a person gains citizenship at birth*? I would've thought that was a pretty clear concept.

It was more that you seemed to be implying that once a person was given citizenship at birth, that citizenship remained their right to keep throughout their entire life, irrespective of what they did or how they used their citizenship. Or did I misunderstand you?

To me that's a pretty wide ranging power to not inform someone that they've been stripped of their citizenship! (a) is fair enough if the Government don't have the information to contact someone fine but (b) and (c)? Those are really quite broad.


Thanks for the link, that's very informative. Yes, I agree looking at those that paragraphs (b) and (c) do look pretty vague and not so reasonable.
 

Typhoon

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(2) In section 40 of the 1981 Act (deprivation of citizenship), after subsection (5) (which requires notice to be given to a person to be deprived of citizenship) insert—
“(5A) Subsection (5) does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that—
(a) the Secretary of State does not have the information needed to be able to give notice under that subsection,
(b) it would for any other reason not be reasonably practicable to give notice under that subsection, or
(c) notice under that subsection should not be given—
(i) in the interests of national security,
(ii) in the interests of the relationship between the United Kingdom and another country, or
(iii) otherwise in the public interest.

To me that's a pretty wide ranging power to not inform someone that they've been stripped of their citizenship! (a) is fair enough if the Government don't have the information to contact someone fine but (b) and (c)? Those are really quite broad.
You are being generous, sir. The emboldened reason is little more than a synonym for 'we can't think of a reason that won't be treated with disdain'. The very reason why the courts or a balanced tribunal should decide, not some minister whose electoral future will depend on the popularity of the party leader, whether the popular press is still with them, and whether they've been able to secure a seat that changes hands less often than the occurrence of a blue moon, not whether they are good at their job.
 

najaB

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It was more that you seemed to be implying that once a person was given citizenship at birth, that citizenship remained their right to keep throughout their entire life, irrespective of what they did or how they used their citizenship. Or did I misunderstand you?
Yes. You did misunderstand me.

A privilege is something that is given or not on a discretionary basis. Citizenship is something you are born with.
 

DanNCL

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This is incredibly worrying. Whilst there are people who are rightly stripped of their British citizenship, this proposed bill will give the Home Office far too much power which, especially with someone like Priti Patel as secretary of state, has a high potential for misuse.

The most alarming bit is this:
(iii) otherwise in the public interest.
The Home Secretary's opinion of what's in the public interest given that the role is a political appointment rather than a civil service appointment will often not align with what's genuinely in the public interest. Being able to strip without notice somebody's citizenship under the guise of "in the public interest" is not a power that should be given to any home secretary, regardless of political allegiance.
 
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