It might be interesting for others to know the answer, so here goes: Such a lozenge-shaped white hexagon tells the crew of a train held at that signal they are exempt from certain parts of Rule 55 under certain circumstances (mainly the requirement to remind the signaller that their train is held). These might be because of a track circuit in rear of that signal. or something else such as a treadle, a depression bar or some other form of 'reminder device'.
If there is a capital T on the hexagon, that means there is a telephone available to contact the signaller. I believe that an X in that place means that there is no safe clearance and that drivers must not under any circumstances leave the cab and must contact the signaller by other means (NRN, CSR, GMSR, etc). This rule was introduced after a driver was killed by another train at Slade Lane Junction, Manchester in the 1990s.
They are not only found with semaphore signals:
