Certainly you hear of students being teetotal these days which was almost unheard of in the 90s. There also seems to be a move to spending money on electronics instead.
Pre-loading is just a way of saving money, really.
I think the 90s stereotype of University being primarily for drinking, with study a distant second, is severely outdated. Students still drink a huge amount though.
I don't think it's a matter of money, culture and society have just moved on,
We may need to agree to disagree on this one, there's remarkably little evidence all round. Overall consumption has certainly fallen, but I was referring specifically to problem drinkers, where there doesn't really seem to be much data at all. In terms of underage drinking, the studies that have been done by the NHS indicate zero effect.
I've attached what I've found below, hopefully these aren't paywalled:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politic...pricing-fails-cut-underage-drinking-scotland/ - Daily Telegraph article citing an NHS Scotland study saying under-18s reported no change to their consumption or ability to obtain alcohol
https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/warning-that-minimum-alcohol-pricing-is-driving-drinkers-to-drugs/ - Sunday Post article titled "Warning that minimum alcohol pricing is driving drinkers to drugs"
https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/20.500.12289/4443/4443.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y - Queen Margaret University research paper titled Heavy Drinkers’ Perspectives on Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol in Scotland: A Qualitative Interview Study
In terms of the differences in prices for run of the mill drinks between Scotland and England, a very quick look at asda.com shows Carling available in packs of 18 priced at 2 for £20. Using a Scottish delivery address shows the 18 pack as being priced at £15.84, so £31.68 for the same amount, or 58% more expensive. I'm sure there's other more extreme examples out there, but that's the first one I've looked at and I hope we can agree it's a fairly average brand of beer, not anything particularly cheap (e.g. an own-brand saver type) or expensive.
There have been a couple of medical and public health studies into the policy, especially with regards to it's impact on "problem drinkers". With respect to this policy, problem drinkers are defined as drinkers who consume alcohol greatly in excess of the recommended safe level, to the point that it's seriously detrimental to their health. This is opposed to underage drinkers, or people who's drinking is linked to anti-social behaviour.
There's also a fair amount of research to back this up.
https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l5274 - Examines what groups are the most affected by the policy. It concludes that moderate drinkers are minimally affected, while those who drink harmful amounts reduced their consumption by a substantial amount.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)62417-4/fulltext - As above, also attempts to model the health benefits of the policy, notes the link to decreased deaths, increased quality of life etc.
I won't link to them because of the multiple paywalls that journal articles are plagued with, but there are also a lot of articles documenting the attempts of Alcohol manufacturers and industry lobbyists to influence politicians and media coverage over this policy area. As Cakefiend has said, there are a lot of groups who's interests it would be in to muddy the waters around this issue.
You mention the price of a crate of Carling in Asda, which is one of the cheapest branded beers they sell. The policy affecting the price in that case though isn't minimum unit pricing. A separate law in Scotland bans multi-buy discounts on the sale of alcohol, hence that special offer wouldn't be legal. The regular price in Asda is £13, so the affect of minimum unit pricing is £2.84 at most, or just under 16p per can. If you buy the cans in packs of 4 there is little/no price difference.
If you were to buy Hawksridge 2 litre bottle of cider though you'd see the price rise from £2 to about £4.50. Supermarkets are responsible enough not to sell it but if you were to find two litres White Star Cider on sale in a corner shop somewhere then the price would rise from as little as £1.50 to about £8 or more. The stuff tastes like drain cleaner so virtually no responsible drinkers will take it, but it's popular among people who abuse alcohol. This is exactly what the policy is meant to target!