25m vehicles are not 2.3m wide. IETs are 26m vehicles and are 2.7m other than the end taper.
A vehicle with bogies spaced 25 metres apart, or a 25 metre articulated vehicle, would have to be 2.3 metres wide between the bogies. You can check it out for yourself with the formula on the spreadsheet.
A 20 metre vehicle with bogies spaced 14.17 metres apart can be 2.82 metres wide.
A 23 metre vehicle with bogies spaced 16 metres apart can be 2.74 metres wide.
The IEP vehicles have a bogie spacing of 17 metres and are 2.75 metres wide (apart from the tapered ends). I assume this takes advantage of tolerances or is based on restricted route availability.
The small, low windows on the Pendolinos mean that not much daylight can get in, which creates the gloomy interior ambience, much like an aircraft interior. Compare it with London Underground surface line stock.