My view (and I'm a solicitor specialising in civil litigation with higher court rights of audience if you doubt my bona fides) is it's not indirect discrimination, nor is it direct discrimination. It isn't discrimination
at all!
Section 13(1) Equality Act 2010 (
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/part/2/chapter/2/crossheading/discrimination) says discrimination is when a person (i.e. the TOC) treats one person (i.e. the disabled traveller without a driving licence) less favourably than another person (i.e. the traveller with a car and driving licence) and the reason for that treatment is due to a "protected characteristic".
Problems your argument has are:-
1) Nobody is treated more or less favourably than anyone else
by the TOC. If they don't run the "Dominic Express" 11:15am Gathurst to St Helens Central, even though I want them to run that service (since it would be convenient for me), I am treated no more and no less favourably than anybody else as a result of the decision.
2) In any event, the reason for the treatment (them not running a train) is nothing to do with protected characteristics - it's to save money.
What about "indirect discrimination"?
Section 19(2)(b) Equality Act 2010 makes it indirect discrimination if
four criterion are met, namely, a) the thing you are complaining about applies to people with a protected characteristic and people without; b) it puts people with the protected characteristic at a disadvantage compared to others; c) it puts the person complaining under that same disadvantage (i.e. not just a nebulous group - an actual specific person); and d) it isn't a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.
Problems with this argument are:-
1) Whilst you
could show not running a service applies to people with a protected characteristic and without;
2) You couldn't show that people with a protected characteristic were at a disadvantage compared to people without (since both disabled and non-disabled people would be disadvantaged);
3) Again you
could find somebody who had a protected characteristic who is personally affected; but
4) Not running a service is not only a proportionate way of the legitimate aim of saving the cost of running the service, it is the
only way to save the cost of running the service!
I could link to caselaw expanding on these themes, but it's so obvious I don't think there's any point.
Now there
are duties on public bodies to consider Equality, and so when GBR or the TOC apply to the DfT for permission to withdraw the service, there are procedures to be gone through, and consultations to be had, and if a case was made that the closure would disproportionately affect disabled people and there were alternatives, then the DfT could be taken to Judicial Review if it failed to take these matters into consideration before giving the go-ahead. But in what we call "public law" (judicial review of officials' decisions), the duty is to consult and take into account relevant considerations. There is no duty to
follow some or other particular outcome. They can consult, and say "we've listened, but we don't care".