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UK housing supply - the problem & solutions

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underbank

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My point was that there isn't much point doing that because you don't actually free up any land by doing so, and it's building land that is the main issue.

Daft to put a 3/4 bed on a plot for a family, when there are OAPs with 3/4 bed houses wanting a bungalow. We needs ways to help the OAPs move to the bungalow to free it up for the family. Otherwise, we're just going to end up with more and more 3/4 bed houses. Obviously it can't be done in isolation - it needs joined up thinking between Govt, local authorities and developers to break the deadlock inc carrot & stick.
 
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Bletchleyite

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Daft to put a 3/4 bed on a plot for a family, when there are OAPs with 3/4 bed houses wanting a bungalow. We needs ways to help the OAPs move to the bungalow to free it up for the family. Otherwise, we're just going to end up with more and more 3/4 bed houses. Obviously it can't be done in isolation - it needs joined up thinking between Govt, local authorities and developers to break the deadlock inc carrot & stick.

Daft to build bungalows, because they take up as much land as 3/4 bed houses and are barely cheaper to build. Flats in tenement sized blocks with lifts (properly maintained) are the answer for people who need single-storey accommodation for accessibility reasons, as they aren't going to be able to maintain a garden either so maintained communal grounds and balconies would be better. For those who don't need the accessibility, just a smaller property, terraced houses make more efficient use of land.
 

Dai Corner

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Daft to build bungalows, because they take up as much land as 3/4 bed houses and are barely cheaper to build. Flats in tenement sized blocks with lifts (properly maintained) are the answer for people who need single-storey accommodation for accessibility reasons, as they aren't going to be able to maintain a garden either so maintained communal grounds and balconies would be better. For those who don't need the accessibility, just a smaller property, terraced houses make more efficient use of land.

Are we talking square metres of floor space per square kilometre of land or number of inhabitants?
 

Meerkat

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Lifts equal serious maintenance charges.
Shared freehold doesn’t get rid of all the issues of leasehold (whilst still clearly better) - you still lose individual control over the scale and timing of your bills. You could be stuck getting outvoted on when to do repairs and how much to spend. And potential for more disputes with neighbours.
I think you dismiss bungalows too quickly. I think small terraces of bungalows could be built on the fringes of villages where the greater visual impact of houses would not be welcome.
I also want to encourage retirement to the more run down seaside/rural towns where it would create demand and jobs.
 

Bletchleyite

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Are we talking square metres of floor space per square kilometre of land or number of inhabitants?

Either. For inhabitants per square metre it's the same as a 3/4 bed house. For floor space per square metre it's about halved. Either way bungalows make very inefficient use of land.

It would be better to build terraced houses with chairlifts.

I also want to encourage retirement to the more run down seaside/rural towns where it would create demand and jobs.

Certainly there'd be no great issue with building them in undesirable low-cost towns as you suggest, but those aren't places where premium 3/4 bed houses are being built so the argument is different.

But my overall point is that there is no benefit to the housing stock of people downsizing into houses that take up the same or a larger footprint as the one they moved out of. This would only be an advantage were there a glut of bungalows, and there isn't, nor, due to inefficient use of land, is there likely to be.
 

najaB

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My point was that there isn't much point doing that because you don't actually free up any land by doing so, and it's building land that is the main issue.
Not really. It was a couple of years ago so might have changed a little bit, but there were reports that building companies were sitting on something like 600,000 empty plots that already had planning permission and around another 400,000 plots worth of land that they hadn't applied for permission yet.
 

Enthusiast

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I also want to encourage retirement to the more run down seaside/rural towns where it would create demand and jobs.
Sounds good. So you get all the wrinklies to move to Skidrow-on-Sea where they can spend their dotage languishing among down-and-outs, drug addicts and benefit claimants. Are these towns going to be miraculously transformed into St.Tropez-style resorts overnight? If, as I suspect they are not, it's going to take quite a lot of demand to be created to make such places remotely bearable and it's a bit much to expect retirees to endure the transformation of such run-down resorts just so that somebody else might have the benefit of their previous property which was probably in a far more agreeable neighbourhood. Apart from that, most seaside resorts in the UK are only inhabitable for about four months of the year. The rest of the time you can't go out of your front door in any comfort because of the weather. During the four months that the weather is remotely bearable they are overrun with Grockles.
 
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The Ham

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Not really. It was a couple of years ago so might have changed a little bit, but there were reports that building companies were sitting on something like 600,000 empty plots that already had planning permission and around another 400,000 plots worth of land that they hadn't applied for permission yet.

There's often good reasons for not building. Often tired too red tape blocking it.

For instance I once worked on a project which we submitted to the highway authority for checking (having been granted planning) only to find 12 months later we were still trying to work through what the council actually wanted for the scheme.

It wasn't a difficult scheme, upgrade to a signal junction and changes to a service road (about 200m).

That was with National Government funding a so there was a government department which was applying pressure to get it all sorted.

I had a spreadsheet of communication (overview of what was said and when, updated each time a new email was sent) so that our client could see at a glance where the problem lay.

I left that employment before it was resolved so don't know how much longer it actually took to complete.

Whilst that's an extreme example there are plenty of agencies who can hold up development from happening.
 

Meerkat

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Either. For inhabitants per square metre it's the same as a 3/4 bed house
It’s a good point though I do think downsizing retirees who want bungalows will move to smaller plots (wanting smaller gardens and less driveway for a start) but they won’t leave the big house for a smaller house.
There could also be places where you could build bungalows that you couldn’t build houses - visual intrusion and concerns about commuter traffic for example.
Interesting idea that you could maybe have grants for stairlifts for downsizing pensioners....
Beyond bungalows we do somehow need to incentivise sensibly priced flats that would attract pensioners (the ones round here all seem to be high end and priced similar to decent houses!).
Big enough to have two lifts for reassurance and with safe courtyard gardens. Security could be a huge selling point - it was depressing how my gran and her friends would be all locked away individually from mid afternoon in winter because they were worried about being out after dark, whereas in flats they could visit each other in the evenings.
 

Bletchleyite

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Beyond bungalows we do somehow need to incentivise sensibly priced flats that would attract pensioners (the ones round here all seem to be high end and priced similar to decent houses!).
Big enough to have two lifts for reassurance and with safe courtyard gardens. Security could be a huge selling point - it was depressing how my gran and her friends would be all locked away individually from mid afternoon in winter because they were worried about being out after dark, whereas in flats they could visit each other in the evenings.

There are increasing numbers of over-55s flat developments that offer exactly that, though some of them are rather overpriced - most notably (as I've been nosing at house prices there for various reasons of late) there is only one such development in Lancaster and it is very heavily premium-priced, each flat costing something like 1.5 times the other flats on the market there, even the posh ones down by the river.
 

Emyr

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It would be much more efficient to provide in-home care for the still-independent elderly in our ageing population if they could be housed in accessible high-density communities with shared dining and outdoor spaces; Include separate homes on-site for care and maintenance staff, and flats available air-bnb-style for visiting families.

The three "spare" bedrooms needed to accommodate visits by multiple generations of each family would essentially be pooled amongst groups of residents, rather than every couple or widow(/er) having their own dusty set of spare rooms.

Something in between a nursing home and rattling around in a 6 bedroom house waiting for a daily visit by a nurse, just as student housing and HMOs offer something in between boarding school housing and mortgage-encumbered suburbia.
 

GusB

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I find this idea of depriving people of garden space somewhat disturbing - as long as someone has the will and the energy to maintain a garden, I don't see why not. It may be a waste of space to some, but to others it's a therapeutic space. I see no problem with having small bungalows with some garden space in which people can live out their last days. To force people out, regardless of the "incentives" available is a bit cruel, particularly if someone has lived there all their life.

We're not short of physical space. What we are short of is accommodation for the transient workers that move from place to place. It's all about choice, isn't it?
 

Bletchleyite

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I find this idea of depriving people of garden space somewhat disturbing - as long as someone has the will and the energy to maintain a garden, I don't see why not. It may be a waste of space to some, but to others it's a therapeutic space. I see no problem with having small bungalows with some garden space in which people can live out their last days.

But then there's no point in forcing those people out of say a 3-bedroom terrace or semi, because the footprint is going to be about the same and the cost of building a replacement or bungalow about the same.
 

Dai Corner

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But then there's no point in forcing those people out of say a 3-bedroom terrace or semi, because the footprint is going to be about the same and the cost of building a replacement or bungalow about the same.

If they'd build the sort of property we wanted we would move of our own accord and wouldn't need to be forced out. As you say, the footprint and cost would be about the same and we'd pay a similar price. Net result would be would be two households in the accommodation they wanted instead of a growing family in a too-small property and an older person or couple in a too-large one.
 

underbank

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I find this idea of depriving people of garden space somewhat disturbing - as long as someone has the will and the energy to maintain a garden, I don't see why not. It may be a waste of space to some, but to others it's a therapeutic space. I see no problem with having small bungalows with some garden space in which people can live out their last days.

Not only gardening, but I don't think anyone has mentioned pets. Flats/retirement/assisted living schemes usually don't allow pets, so the OAP can't have their beloved cat or dog, or even parrot or gerbil. A ten story block of flats is useless for someone with a pet poodle even if they're allowed. Lots of OAPs have pets, so they need outdoor space and also relatively easy access to other amenities such as parks, footpaths, etc. Yet a bungalow is ideal!
 

Bletchleyite

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Not only gardening, but I don't think anyone has mentioned pets. Flats/retirement/assisted living schemes usually don't allow pets, so the OAP can't have their beloved cat or dog, or even parrot or gerbil. A ten story block of flats is useless for someone with a pet poodle even if they're allowed. Lots of OAPs have pets, so they need outdoor space and also relatively easy access to other amenities such as parks, footpaths, etc. Yet a bungalow is ideal!

Bungalows do have advantages, yes. The point I am making is not that nobody should live in one, but simply that it is pointless to push people to move from small to medium-sized 3 bedroom houses (such as mine) to 2 bedroom bungalows because the latter take up something like twice the amount of land, or the same amount of land as a larger 3 or 4-bed. (There are not many 1-bed houses, these are mostly flats). If they want to they can move themselves, but the point of encouraging people to downsize is purely so as to resolve housing shortage, and there isn't a shortage of 3-4 bedroom houses in the housing stock for sale (because builders are throwing them up like there's no tomorrow), there's a shortage of smaller ones and building land.

The situation in social housing is different - there is a shortage of larger family homes there - and so the response in that sphere is different, hence the idea of the failed "bedroom tax".
 

najaB

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If they want to they can move themselves, but the point of encouraging people to downsize is purely so as to resolve housing shortage, and there isn't a shortage of 3-4 bedroom houses in the housing stock for sale (because builders are throwing them up like there's no tomorrow), there's a shortage of smaller ones and building land.
There is no shortage of building land.
 

najaB

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There is in places where people want to live.
Which gets back to the point: the problem isn't that the UK is full, is that it is unbalanced. Until we fix that everything else is shuffling the deckchairs on the Titanic.
 

Bletchleyite

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"Want" is subjective. I'm sure lots of people who "need" to live close to London for jobs would prefer to live somewhere else, ie closer to family, closer to countryside or coast, etc.

By "want" I meant "where it suits their life for them to live" rather than that they might *want* to live in a remote farmhouse in Scotland, but if they work as a City banker that's not happening.
 

Bletchleyite

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Which gets back to the point: the problem isn't that the UK is full, is that it is unbalanced. Until we fix that everything else is shuffling the deckchairs on the Titanic.

Yes, that's probably true, it's a much greater issue than whether people in owner-occupied houses should be pressured to downsize or not, and if so what they should downsize to.
 

underbank

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By "want" I meant "where it suits their life for them to live" rather than that they might *want* to live in a remote farmhouse in Scotland, but if they work as a City banker that's not happening.

Well, not until the centralisation of such jobs is reversed and spread out more evenly over the country anyway.
 

Bletchleyite

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Well, not until the centralisation of such jobs is reversed and spread out more evenly over the country anyway.

It was maybe a bad example, anyway, as such a job could easily be converted to remote working, it just involves sitting at a computer and making telephone calls these days. I bet *someone* does do it from a remote Scottish farmhouse! :)
 

Jozhua

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Because I like to have some private outdoor space and a garage for the car, be allowed to keep a cat or dog and not annoy the neighbours when I want to listen to music after 9pm. There are also the issues with leaseholds and shared maintainance already mentioned.

I recognise that bungalows don't make the best use of land, but would be happy to sell my house and buy a similar sized plot of land with a bungalow on. A smaller garden and 2 beds instead of 3 wouldn't be a problem.

Yeah, this is understandable. I think if we want to encourage more people into flats, we definitely have to consider the very valid concerns they have. Fortunately, none of these issues are inherent to apartments, they just typically come with the ones we build in the UK.

Better noise insulation, pet friendly buildings, allotments available for tenants and private garage/workshop spaces in the building are super easy to implement! Guess it's just a case of will and funding.

For now, there is enough pent up demand for 'traditional' parking free-noisy-not pet friendly apartments in our cities, builders seem happy just throwing up more of that. If the government creates incentives for more dense housing, we could see a push for making these spaces more attractive to a wider market. It's totally possible, just a case of will and implementing the right policy.

The big problem with flats in this country (and I had 40 years experience of living in them) is the very poor sound insulation provided in this country, both in conversions and in new-build flats. The last flat I lived in was new-build a some fifteen years ago and had superb modern heat insulation properties, but the sound insulation between adjacent flats and through floors and ceilings was just as bad as ever.

Yeah, noise insulation is definitely an issue lol. Better standards in regards to this and a way of measuring it in surveys could help. Perhaps having a loudspeaker in one room, measuring the resulting dBs in another.

Daft to build bungalows, because they take up as much land as 3/4 bed houses and are barely cheaper to build. Flats in tenement sized blocks with lifts (properly maintained) are the answer for people who need single-storey accommodation for accessibility reasons, as they aren't going to be able to maintain a garden either so maintained communal grounds and balconies would be better. For those who don't need the accessibility, just a smaller property, terraced houses make more efficient use of land.

Bungalows are rather inefficient, apartments or terraced housing definitely make more sense space wise.

It's worth considering the concerns people have with moving to this style of housing though, and there are definitely solutions to that available, just a question of the right incentives for house builders!

There's often good reasons for not building. Often tired too red tape blocking it.

For instance I once worked on a project which we submitted to the highway authority for checking (having been granted planning) only to find 12 months later we were still trying to work through what the council actually wanted for the scheme.

It wasn't a difficult scheme, upgrade to a signal junction and changes to a service road (about 200m).

That was with National Government funding a so there was a government department which was applying pressure to get it all sorted.

I had a spreadsheet of communication (overview of what was said and when, updated each time a new email was sent) so that our client could see at a glance where the problem lay.

I left that employment before it was resolved so don't know how much longer it actually took to complete.

Whilst that's an extreme example there are plenty of agencies who can hold up development from happening.

Yeah true, I also wonder whether councils could do better freeing up the land required to build larger developments within cities. Solving the housing issues is going to involve multiple approaches, some government construction and some carrot and stick to encourage the market in the right direction.

It’s a good point though I do think downsizing retirees who want bungalows will move to smaller plots (wanting smaller gardens and less driveway for a start) but they won’t leave the big house for a smaller house.
There could also be places where you could build bungalows that you couldn’t build houses - visual intrusion and concerns about commuter traffic for example.
Interesting idea that you could maybe have grants for stairlifts for downsizing pensioners....
Beyond bungalows we do somehow need to incentivise sensibly priced flats that would attract pensioners (the ones round here all seem to be high end and priced similar to decent houses!).
Big enough to have two lifts for reassurance and with safe courtyard gardens. Security could be a huge selling point - it was depressing how my gran and her friends would be all locked away individually from mid afternoon in winter because they were worried about being out after dark, whereas in flats they could visit each other in the evenings.

I really like the idea of stairlift grants for downsizing pensioners! If they get installed into apartment buildings, then the facility is there for future residents too.

It would be much more efficient to provide in-home care for the still-independent elderly in our ageing population if they could be housed in accessible high-density communities with shared dining and outdoor spaces; Include separate homes on-site for care and maintenance staff, and flats available air-bnb-style for visiting families.

The three "spare" bedrooms needed to accommodate visits by multiple generations of each family would essentially be pooled amongst groups of residents, rather than every couple or widow(/er) having their own dusty set of spare rooms.

Something in between a nursing home and rattling around in a 6 bedroom house waiting for a daily visit by a nurse, just as student housing and HMOs offer something in between boarding school housing and mortgage-encumbered suburbia.

Yes, my family have recently moved my grandad out of his family home into an apartment much closer to where we live.

It's one of those Mccarthy and stone, not quite a nursing home, but a higher level of care is available and things are all on one level. The flat has the advantage of being a much shorter drive for my dad and accessible by a 5-10 minute bus ride for me, or a pleasent 30 minute walk when I go back to visit. The building has collective spare bedrooms for relatives to stay in, should they need it. I also believe that 2-bed apartments are also available in the complex. Been as it is an apartment, it's located quite close to the centre of town, which means a lesser walk to shopping, amenities, healthcare and public transport.

The setup works quite well, with good security, a community within the building and help for the residents being close by. The flat already has things like guide rails and pull chords. It has unobtrusive accessibility accommodations made, which is a massive plus. Newer flats are even nicer, looking even more luxurious and accommodating.

I find this idea of depriving people of garden space somewhat disturbing - as long as someone has the will and the energy to maintain a garden, I don't see why not. It may be a waste of space to some, but to others it's a therapeutic space. I see no problem with having small bungalows with some garden space in which people can live out their last days. To force people out, regardless of the "incentives" available is a bit cruel, particularly if someone has lived there all their life.

We're not short of physical space. What we are short of is accommodation for the transient workers that move from place to place. It's all about choice, isn't it?

True, really for our situation dealing with one of my grandparents it was a balance regarding quality of life. Moving him nearer-by allows us to pop by more often and gives him more convenient access to the shops and amenities he needs.

I think it would be a good idea to have allotments in these developments though! In fact, it could be a smaller, easier to manage garden space, but still with the freedom to choose what goes in and how it looks.

Accommodation for transient workers moving place to place can easily be provided by your average big apartment building, really a simple solution! Some cities seem to be building up a lot of this accommodation (see: Manchester), others less so. I think a city like Nottingham would see a lot of benefit trying out schemes like this, and attracting more talent and business from around the country.

If they'd build the sort of property we wanted we would move of our own accord and wouldn't need to be forced out. As you say, the footprint and cost would be about the same and we'd pay a similar price. Net result would be would be two households in the accommodation they wanted instead of a growing family in a too-small property and an older person or couple in a too-large one.

True, Mccarthy and stone does a decent job. They certainly fill up very quickly, so clearly they're heading in the right direction! Probably just a case of how quickly they can build them.

Not only gardening, but I don't think anyone has mentioned pets. Flats/retirement/assisted living schemes usually don't allow pets, so the OAP can't have their beloved cat or dog, or even parrot or gerbil. A ten story block of flats is useless for someone with a pet poodle even if they're allowed. Lots of OAPs have pets, so they need outdoor space and also relatively easy access to other amenities such as parks, footpaths, etc. Yet a bungalow is ideal!

Yeah, pets is a difficult one, I think tides are changing though. I've seen more and more pet friendly accommodations popping up, so I'd expect to see more in the coming years. Higher buildings can allow you to be closer to parks and amenities, so quite useful for pet owners without cars.

In regards to older folk, I do wonder about allergies and the like. Perhaps the best idea would to have a pet-friendly building or area of flats, with some of the communal spaces being 'pet free', then you'd more likely get the best of both worlds!
 

Meerkat

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I find this idea of depriving people of garden space somewhat disturbing - as long as someone has the will and the energy to maintain a garden, I don't see why not.

Decent blocks of retirement flats would have communal gardens (almost as much pleasure for less work) and could have little allotments.

Bungalows do have advantages, yes. The point I am making is not that nobody should live in one, but simply that it is pointless to push people to move from small to medium-sized 3 bedroom houses (such as mine) to 2 bedroom bungalows because the latter take up something like twice the amount of land, or the same amount of land as a larger 3 or 4-bed. (There are not many 1-bed houses, these are mostly flats). If they want to they can move themselves, but the point of encouraging people to downsize is purely so as to resolve housing shortage, and there isn't a shortage of 3-4 bedroom houses in the housing stock for sale (because builders are throwing them up like there's no tomorrow), there's a shortage of smaller ones and building land.

The situation in social housing is different - there is a shortage of larger family homes there - and so the response in that sphere is different, hence the idea of the failed "bedroom tax".

The plural of anecdote isn’t data etc but I wasn’t thinking of the stock 3/4 bedroom estate houses, I was thinking of the bigger, older, houses. Tempt them out of those and lots of families can move up leaving some space at the bottom. Those houses are often too expensive to maintain and upgrade so pensioners are keeping them horrifically inefficient.

As for pets the fewer the better IMO (but that’s a whole different can of worms), but you could have a few block cats that meant the residents had pets about without the maintenance.
 

Jozhua

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Well, not until the centralisation of such jobs is reversed and spread out more evenly over the country anyway.

There is the network effect though, of business wanting to be near other businesses, which shouldn't be underestimated. There are actually good reasons to team up, even with competitors, especially when it comes to the use of specialist resources.

Take broadcast TV for example, being able to share expensive studio spaces, have post production teams nearby and a local pool of trained and experienced people is important. The BBC/ITV have had success moving some of their operation to Manchester though, it just needs to be done in a sizeable enough chunk for it to be viable.
 

SteveP29

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but there are also some 1/2 bed flats/terraces too - referred to as "affordable homes" in the planning documents.

The problem with that is that unless there's an exclusion clause or suchlike included in the build contracts etc, then as soon as the first 'owners' want to move on, they get to sell that house at market value, which, as we've been discussing, isn't affordable any more, and so the circle starts again.

The big problem with flats in this country (and I had 40 years experience of living in them) is the very poor sound insulation provided in this country, both in conversions and in new-build flats. The last flat I lived in was new-build a some fifteen years ago and had superb modern heat insulation properties, but the sound insulation between adjacent flats and through floors and ceilings was just as bad as ever.

Tell me about it, there's a family of 6 below us (2 adults, 4 teenagers) in our 1940's built, 6 in a block tenement.
We hear everything on their TV, requests to turn it down so we can hear our own are met with 'we've lived here longer, we can do what we want'
We hear their teenagers every argument with each other, they slam their doors, which sounds like one of us is actually doing it in our flat.
We hear the youngest singing, sounds bloody appalling, but mother will be telling him how wonderful he is (as they do)
 

ABB125

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The thing with housing is that there are plenty of problems and not enough solutions. Most new-build houses seem to be tiny, poorly designed, badly-built and incredibly expensive for what they are (although there are exceptions). The current planning system is skewed heavily in favour of the interests of the developers, with extortionate amounts of profit being made (which normally I wouldn't have a problem with). Jeff Fairburn, former chief executive of Persimmon, was due to be awarded a £110 million bonus, reduced to around £75 million after "public outrage". And that's just one company.

This thread on the SABRE Roads forum is an interesting read about what developers can get away with.

Near where I live, Tewkesbury Borough Council, which does a very good job of giving the impression that its sole reason for existence is to concrete over the entire borough, actually refused* planning permission for an 850-house development to the south-east of M5 Junction 9 at Ashchurch. The developer appealed to the Secretary of State, and now has permission. There are two main issues with this development:
  • The A46 cannot cope with yet more car traffic, and neither can Jn 9, which will just lead to longer queues leading onto the motorway from the junction
  • The development is right is the way of the much needed Ashchurch bypass (it couldn't be more in the way if it tried) and will severely limit options for this (yet Highways England didn't object to the proposal...)
So in summary, it will worsen the quality of life for people in Ashchurch, and also hinder the thing which would improve life there. If the developer was paying for (or making a substantial contribution towards) road improvement schemes (and cycling/walking provision) to accommodate all the people living in the development, and this happened to a much more significant level across the country, I'm sure there would be less objection to development.

Also local to me, at the south end of Evesham (a town with terrible traffic problems and large amounts of housing development going on, especially in the Hampton area), further development in going on (the red box on the map; the blue box has already been built upon) right in the way of any extension of the bypass round to Hampton to relieve traffic through the town centre. This is a stupid decision. (I will at this point mention that a bypass extension isn't officially proposed, indeed was pretty much rejected by the council as it might reduce the case (as a result of reduced congestion) for the other road project that will hopefully be going ahead soon, an upgrade of the A46 between the M5 and (eventually) the M40. Nevertheless, a strip of land should have been left free, should the town's transport plan change.)
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(Apologies for the slight diversion into terrible planning decisions, but it is related.)
 
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