I've been taking a harder look at this.
To focus on the facts here let's remember the case is an absolute. Instances where the railway sells a ticket for a journey that's possible at the time of sale but later disrupted by a cancellation, or possible but the passenger failed to catch the last available train, are different. Here the railway sold a ticket for a journey which it knew could not be completed by train at any time of day, for the foreseeable future. We're also not talking about the right to summon trains out of thin air - what rail companies sell is
transportation, so it's about them getting you somewhere but not necessarily by train.
People have come up with reasons why the NRCoT effectively permits RSPs to sell tickets for journeys they know cannot possibly be completed, and that what the passenger buys there is simply an expensive bit of cardboard. If the passenger trusts the railway to do the thing the ticket says in the absence of a timetabled train, more fool them.
However...
First, as a minor sidetrack let's look at the established precedent of Newhaven Marine. In that case I understand the station had no timetabled passenger service yet the railway
did sell tickets to get a passenger there and felt it had to honour them. As per
this post return tickets were available and
this reply says as of 2016 they were still being honoured (with a taxi ride). There is a precedent for RSPs honouring tickets for return journeys that cannot be made by a timetabled service, so a passenger might reasonably think it would happen again. And indeed in my case it did.
Secondly, the ticket I bought says "This ticket can only be used at certain times". That statement implies there must
be time(s) when it can be used. For anyone about to say "you have to go forwards and backwards at once" note that the NRCoT says you must use the outbound portion of a return before the return one, so no.
Now for the main course. I present to you the Passengers Rights & Obligations regulations. It seems the people who drafted these had not anticipated the innovation of tickets for impossible journeys, so tickets are treated as entitling you to go somewhere.
The governement's
guidelines for them say:
The
regulation carves out a few places it is subject to the NRCoT but broadly it takes precedence (see "validity of the contract which shall remain subject to these Uniform Rules"). It says:
That "The ticket shall be prima facie evidence of the conclusion and the contents of the contract of carriage" is unequivocal. It would seem there is no way you can buy a railway ticket and it
not be a contract (surely that's what any reasonable person buying one would expect). The fact that
@ThameslinkUser's novelty 25th December ticket got cancelled before they had a chance to use it suggests RSPs know this.
Having accepted some form of contract exists people have said "yes but it's a contract to do nothing". But it is a "contract of carriage", not a contract to give you a bit of orange card, so the passenger is entitled to carriage. Also see the "carrier shall undertake to carry the passenger ... to the place of destination".
Approached from a different angle, hundreds of years of contract law are very clear that a contract must result in a
consideration.
A consideration must be something of value in the eyes of the law (Thomas v Thomas) (1842). A physical ticket or eTicket cannot be consideration because it's:
- Impossible to attach any legal value to a ticket which entitles you to nothing
- Not always yours to keep. In the case of a claim for compensation the railway may insist you hand it over or destroy it. NRCoT 18.2 says railway staff have the right to take if off you in some circumstances. At the end of the journey a barrier usually eats it.
- In the case of eTickets not even a physical object - it's a few kilobytes of data on your own device which you must pay to provide (or print out). An eTicket that doesn't entitle you to anything therefore has a small negative value.
An effectively worthless physical or eTicket cannot, therefore, be valid consideration for the "contract of carriage" that has been established for a Day Return journey to somewhere. It's hard to imagine how there could be any other possible consideration for a contract of carriage than for some carriage to take place.
If anybody does want to challenge this, the only angle I can see would be that we have a "contract for carriage" for no carriage, but I don't see any carve-out in the PRO that would allow this. Since we know the ticket itself specifies the "contents of the contract of carriage" it's hard to see how a ticket saying "PNS-BGG" at the top in big letters would in fact represent a contract for "PNS-NOWHERE".
PS. I take the earlier point that it's unfair to bother TPE with this mess. I let them know this morning that no action is needed. The situation has, however, attracted the attention of the local MP.