I've read (which doesn't of course mean it's true) that HSTs aren't cleared for somewhere on the Cardiff to Portsmouth Harbour route.
Hard to see though why they couldn't be used where a 442 can.
Comparative clearance went out years ago. For any class wanting to go where they haven’t been cleared you have to provide the physical and dynamic details for the vehicles and then run it through the NR model that compares it to the infrastructure. Each class has to be done on its own - even change the class number on existing stock and you have to start again from scratch.
The line into Portsmouth isn’t an easy one for 23m vehicles. Not only have you the length and width to look at, but also the throw at various speeds (low is often the worst) as well as anything “wide” that lies below the solebar.
I was heavily involved in all the Turbo clearance work in the West and it was not easy to get the Turbos into Portsmouth. I can say, with some degree of certainty, that IET units would have a lot of issues - they don’t fit within a Mark 3 profile and work had to be done in a number of areas on the GWML to make them fit. I would also say that an HST down to Portsmouth wouldn’t be straightforward to get approved either.
And that is all before what the door opening and closing times would do to the timetable on that route. The timings are not that slack in places and you need a speedier door cycle than you would get on an IET or HST. A five car DMU is probably your best bet here so you can minimise the punter on and off time.