A train is heavier than a tram, which may help to push rail contaminants out of the way. But other than that sort of effect, weight doesn't make much difference - the friction between the wheel and the rail is proportional to weight, but so is the force to accelerate or decelerate it. Other things being equal the acceleration and deceleration will be the same.
However other things usually aren't equal. A tram has proportionately more of its axles motored than most trains so can accelerate better, has more responsive traction and braking for safe operation in traffic, and makes much more use of sanders. It also has a track brake for emergencies, which will decelerate it at about 25% of gravity which is about twice the maximum emergency brake on a train.
A tram-train is more like a tram than a train. It's a bit heavier built than a tram but doesn't have structural crashworthiness to railway standards, so extra train protection is usually needed to make collisions less likely. It has various safety features for railway operation such as compliant lighting, glazing and train protection (such as TPWS), and it may also be able to operate off railway overhead traction voltage. The 398s are unusual in having only 25kV (plus batteries) with no 750V capability for street operation. The ones in Sheffield are dual-voltage, though the 25kV isn't used, and also low floor.