"Getting everyone talking about you" is such a depressing metric (wetting yourself at school gets everyone talking about you, but I wouldn't recommend it!)
There's a difference here. Compare someone's trousers falling down, to someone deliberately streaking at school to raise awareness for something (this did actually happen at my dad's school for a charity event apparently!), and you'll see that often deliberate attention-seeking action (and not necessarily the bad kind of attention seeking) is much more effective at getting a message across, even if on the face of it both of these hypothetical incidents have the same immediate response of 'that guy's trousers are off!'
But it's where we are in modern Britain - people exist in social media bubbles, all that matters is whether you are playing well with your "base", even if it alienates the mainstream
Look at Corbynism, which was wildly popular with the activists but pushed millions of people to vote Tory (however badly Theresa May did, she won over two million more votes than Cameron's majority-winning performance in 2015, because Corbyn scared a lot of people into voting Tory)
There is a difference between the social media bubbles of the Labour youth, or the 'people's vote' campaign, and those issues which have been getting consistent national coverage in different ways. There is hard evidence to suggest that climate change concerns, whilst previously somewhat politicised, now spread quite far across 'bases' and are not just confined to one group.
Is this due to the actions of XR, or public awareness due to Greta Thunberg? It is impossible to say for sure. The key thing is before these major things happened, people (and more crucially, governments) didn't seem to care too much, or at least they were not understanding of the urgency of the situation. Now we are having a serious-looking conference (of course we are not sure how much actual substance is there) and it has now become a top issue for many voters across the board. My bet would be that if we hadn't had the school strikes, or XR protests, the current attitude would not be what it is now. But of course there is no way to know for certain, that is just my speculation.
The question now of course is what do we do about it, as many people don't seem to know when it comes to that stage. That requires sensible policy-making, and I'll agree that generic protesting cannot get us to this stage.
People were certainly "talking" about Fathers For Justice twenty years ago, but is there any evidence that they helped their cause?
We see this with organisations like PETA, who nominally represent vegetarian/ vegan concerns but do the equivalent of wetting themselves online - not the only organisation who are more interested in being seen to make some noise and annoy opponents even if it means losing a lot of people who'd otherwise support your cause - but PETA seem poster boys for this kind of Stunts Over Substance activism
The suffragettes are a simple story that we tell people at school, but I think that women would have had the vote regardless thanks to the suffra
gists (who were much savvier political campaigners), the general mood at the end of the Great War (as
@Gostav mentioned above) and also campaigns to extend the general franchise (bearing in mind that a lot of men didn't have the vote either)
Plenty of other people were "considered terrorists" without helping their cause (Extinction Rebellion glueing themselves to electric trains backfired in the mainstream, people probably class them as closer to Abu Hamza than David Attenborough)
One can again argue, would the suffragists have been as effective if not for the shock and immediate attention that suffragettes created? I am not as well-versed on that topic, so we can agree to disagree. PETA again is a similar story, although I will note that more and more people are turning vegetarian and vegan than ever before.
"I think it depends. XR and Greenpeace have a very clear message"
I'm not sure, I might know they are activists and eco-minded but to know what they are actually trying to do or what they are communicating (beyond the vague we have problems of the sustainability of how we're living kind) I'd have to google it I think to pinpoint, though I probably wouldn't have to google to know specific examples of inconveniences they have caused. Insulate Britain are 'the brightest star' when it comes to this because they've taken it to yet another level and are a bit topical at this moment in time not only for the inconvenience they cause but their inability to put a good argument together when given the chance but they are not without comparison.
As I said before, protesting of this kind is only good at getting people talking about this. When I said that they have a very clear message, I meant that their message is 'climate change is happening and we have to do something about it soon'. I was not referring to any kind of 'we need to do x y z' type message. Again, this has to be done through policy-making.
Regarding 'doing more harm than good' - this is admittedly somewhat tongue in cheek but largely because whenever (in my experience) they seem to get discussion locally (as in over the dinner table or at work) - interest seems less in the cause and more so about the inconveniences caused and why they shouldn't be allowed to take these acts, again you could argue insulate britain as the worst offender, but Greenpeace and even more so extinction rebellion are not invalid examples. This is prompting the discussion of 'should these things be allowed or better regulated?' because obviously whilst things need to change, the world also needs to spin. When many campaigns are making their points through inconveniencing ordinary people going about their lives, it builds a bit of a reputation and negative connotations which does get the message lost (in some cases at least).
I agree with this, although Insulate Britain are the perfect example, because their aims are not simple and clear in the eyes of the public. That's the key difference for me. The only time XR well and truly screwed up was when those idiots got on top of the DLR, and I won't need to explain why that was such a dumb move!
i'm struggling to find much in terms of examples where through discussing these types of events I've witnessed positive engagement
As previously said, it's more about public awareness and engagement in general. If humans get into some kind of discussion or disagreement, no human will tell you outright that they've changed their mind, we are too flawed/proud as individuals. (I am being general of course). Generic protesting of this kind gives the public time to mull the issue over in their heads, so that they can change their view in a 'dignified' sort of way.